I have one of these chambered in .308, is this something that was common?
The re-chambering from 7 x 57 mm to 7.62 NATO was done during the 1960's and the rifles then issued to Spains 'Guardia Civil'. This is a sort of national police force.
The 1916 rifles come in several variants, some marked with the arsenal and royal crest - others with absolutely no markings at all. Both are commonly seen.
These 'Guardia' rifles have a 21" barrel and fit the 1893 pattern, so they are considered 'small ring' Mausers. This also means that you can expect to do some fitting to whatever stock you obtain. I know Ram-Line sells a black plastic stock for these small ring actions, and Boyds a wood stock. The latter surely requires fitting.
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By the way, there is much ado made of the 1916 actions ability to handle full power .308 WIN ammo. There are pressure differences between the intended NATO and sporting ammo, thus:
49,700 psi CUP - 7.62 NATO
52,000 psi CUP - .308 Winchester
Many people discount this difference as meaningless and shoot full house .308 ammo in their 1916's. Others err on the side of caution and don't shoot anything but NATO milsurp or reduced hand loads. Given the age of the rifle and the original intent, I would go with the latter scenario more than anything else.
A few rounds of full pressure .308 probably wont hurt, but approach that with caution. Make sure your gun has been examined by a competent gunsmith before you do.
But lets face it, the 1916 Spanish is a smallish, short barreled rifle chambered for a powerful cartridge. Loaded to NATO pressures, you step just beyond the venerable .300 Savage - the round which gave birth to the 7.62 NATO in the first place. You can easily get 2600- 2700 fps from it and still stay well below NATO pressures.
In return, it will -
A. Kick you out of your tree stand,
B. Blast any vegetation within 6 feet to shreds
C. Take any deer you run across and most other game, to boot.
So what point is there in adding more pressure, blast and recoil to that?