I'm pretty late to the party, but here's my 2¢.
I was taught first by my dad, then by the Army, to clean after every use. Dad was nicer about it, but just as firm.
Back then, I shot infrequently. I didn't know whether I would shoot again the next day or wait a matter of months. Nowadays, I shoot just about every week. So I only clean my range regulars about once a month.
My wife shoots 2 – 4 times a year. I clean those after each use. And I use "collector's" lube on them before I put them away.
For cleaning, I use Break Free CLP (holdover from my Army days). Wet the brush (I use synthetic brushes these days) and run it through the barrel a few times. Follow that with a wet patch, then as many dry patches as it takes. With the rest of the gun, I use patches, cotton swabs and pipe cleaners to deliver CLP to every part I can reach. I use a nylon brush (still have the one from my Army cleaning kit) to loosen stubborn carbon. I recently picked up a set of polymer "dental tools" to help clean gunk out of hard-to-reach places. I haven't used them yet, but I expect to in the near future.

When I'm done, I lightly lube the major points, reassemble, and wipe the whole thing down with an oily cloth.