I started with a 30-06 when I was 11 years old and used that rifle until I was in my early 20s,now I normally reach for my 7mm rem mag for the past 20+ years.
The 7mm rem mag really shines in the big bean fields I hunt where shots can be 30 yds out to 500 yds,i've tagged a lot of deer and a couple elk with that cartridge and really like the way it preforms.
I vote for the .308 and 30-06 for longer distances. They are great cartridges, but just as importantly, you can find them from many makers, in many bullet weights, in many bullet designs just about anywhere, and they are relatively inexpensive.