For a rifle I do the following
Clean the bore.
Fire one shot and then clean with a good copper cleaner until the patches come out clean
repeat for 5 shots. (5shots total)
Fire 2 shots and clean, repeat 3 times (6 shots total)
fire 3 shots and clean, repeat 3 times(9 shots total)
Fire 5 shots and clean and thats it.
25 rounds and an hour or so at the range.
Barrel break in is the cause of much argument.
Feel free to vary this routine, the first 5 shots seem like they remove the most roughness from the bore and seem the most important.
I started doing this routine a couple years ago and it really seems to smooth out the bore. Copper fouling doesnt build up as fast.
It gives better accuracy for more rounds fired before cleaning is required.
Pistols and Shotguns I go with Jack's method

my .02 Gate